Critical minerals are the new reality of power. They sit behind the clean energy transition, electric mobility, advanced electronics, AI and modern defence systems. They also enable something less visible: the ability to slow another country’s industrial momentum without ever declaring a sanction. Tariffs can be bargained down. Mineral constraints cannot. That is why India’s critical minerals quest is a strategic conversation. New Delhi is playing on two fronts. At home, it is pulling exploration, refining, recycling and recovery into a coherent mission push. Abroad, it is widening partnerships to expand options and dilute concentration risk.

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